نشر في باب نات يوم 10 - 07 - 2025

أكد معز حديدان، المحلل المالي، خلال استضافته يوم الخميس 10 جويلية 2025 في برنامج Midi Express من تقديم مريم بلقاضي على إذاعة إكسبراس أف أم ، أن حجم الدعم الذي ترصده الدولة التونسية سنويًا يبلغ حوالي 20 ألف مليون دينار، منها ما يقارب 1300 مليون دينار مخصّصة فقط لدعم الخبز (الباقات)، داعيًا إلى إصلاح جذري لمنظومة الدعم لتوجيهه لمستحقيه وتقليص التبذير وتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية.
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تفاصيل توزيع الدعم العمومي
أوضح حديدان أن دعم الدولة موزّع بين ثلاثة محاور كبرى:
* المحروقات: حوالي 7000 مليون دينار
* المواد الأساسية: نحو 3800 مليون دينار
* النقل العمومي: حوالي 680 مليون دينار
وأشار إلى أن المواد الأساسية تمثل 6.4% من ميزانية الدولة و2.2% من الناتج الداخلي الخام، مؤكدًا أن جزءًا كبيرًا من هذا الدعم يذهب إلى الحبوب ومشتقاتها.
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دعم الخبز: أرقام صادمة وهدر واسع
أفاد ضيف البرنامج أن التونسي يستهلك سنويًا حوالي 330 خبزة، ما يساوي 4 مليارات خبزة في العام، يتم تبذير مليار خبزة منها. وبحساب بسيط، فإن الدولة تنفق 320 مليمًا كدعم مباشر لكل خبزة، في حين يدفع المواطن 190 مليمًا فقط.
وفي مقارنة لافتة، شدد حديدان على أن مبلغ 1300 مليون دينار المخصص لدعم الخبز يكفي لبناء 4 مستشفيات جامعية أو شراء 2200 حافلة نقل عمومي حديثة، وهو ما يستوجب إعادة النظر في جدوى هذا الدعم ووجهته.
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اقتراح برفع جزئي لسعر الخبز
طرح معز حديدان زيادة ب100 مليم في سعر الخبز (من 200 مليم إلى 300 مليم) كخيار معقول لا يُثقل كاهل المواطن، لكنه بالمقابل يمكن أن يوفّر سنويًا ما يعادل تكلفة بناء مستشفى جامعي واحد.
وقال في هذا السياق:
"الزيادة المقترحة لا تُقارن بأحداث 1984 حين تضاعف سعر الخبز، بل هي زيادة رمزية قابلة للتحمّل وقد تسهم في تقليص الهدر وتعزيز البنية التحتية الصحية والنقل."
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غياب العدالة في توزيع الدعم
استشهد حديدان بأرقام منظمة "كونكت"، التي كشفت أن:
* 20% من الطبقة الأشد ثراءً في تونس تستفيد من 75% من دعم الحبوب
* بينما لا تتمتع الطبقة الأشد فقرًا (20%) سوى ب1% فقط من هذا الدعم
واعتبر أن هذا التفاوت الصارخ يستوجب اعتماد منظومة دعم موجّهة رقميا، قائلاً:
"من غير المقبول أن يشتري من يملك سيارة فخمة المحروقات بنفس السعر المدعوم الذي يدفعه من يملك سيارة شعبية."
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الدعوة إلى ثقافة استهلاكية جديدة
أكد المحلل المالي أن جزءًا كبيرًا من التبذير سببه سعر الخبز المنخفض الذي لا يدفع المستهلك إلى التفكير في حاجته الفعلية. وأضاف:
"عندما تصبح الخبزة ب300 مليم، سيبدأ المواطن في التفكير: هل أحتاج فعلاً إلى 4 باقات؟ أم تكفيني 3؟"
كما أشار إلى وجود اختلالات في سوق الحبوب أثرت على الفلاحين، إذ أن الأسعار المفروضة عليهم لا تشجع على الإنتاج، ما يهدد الأمن الغذائي الوطني.
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مشروع قانون المالية لسنة 2026
تطرّق معز حديدان إلى المحاور الثلاثة الكبرى التي ستُبنى عليها ميزانية 2026، وهي:
1. المواصلة في الدور الاجتماعي للدولة والتحول الرقمي
2. دفع النمو من خلال الاستثمار والعدالة الجهوية
3. تشديد مالي بهدف تقليص عجز الميزانية إلى 3.9%
واعتبر أن الإصلاح الحقيقي يجب أن يشمل:
* زيادة الموارد الجبائية غير المباشرة
* الحد من نفقات الدولة عبر ترشيدها
* التحول الرقمي الكامل للإدارة العمومية
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اقتراح بإلغاء منظومة الرخص وتعويضها بآلية شفافة
في جانب آخر من مداخلته، دعا حديدان إلى إلغاء الرخص الإدارية التي وصفها بأنها "مدخل أساسي للفساد"، وتعويضها بمنظومة تسعير معلن تُدار رقميا، قائلاً:
"اليوم بعض الرخص تباع بمليون دينار ولا تستفيد منها خزينة الدولة. لماذا لا تحدد الدولة تعريفة معلنة لكل نشاط وتستخلصها مباشرة؟"
وشدد على أن اعتماد الرقمنة الكاملة للإجراءات من شأنه أن يُغلق أبواب الفساد ويُنعش ميزانية الدولة.
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دعم الخبز بين الواقع والضرورة الإصلاحية
ختم معز حديدان مداخلته بدعوة واضحة:
"اليوم، إما أن نستمر في دعم لا يصل لمستحقيه، أو نستثمر هذه الأموال في مستشفيات، حافلات، وخدمات عمومية. المواطن يجب أن يقتنع أن الإصلاح في مصلحته."
وأشار إلى أن الدولة قادرة على الحفاظ على السلم الاجتماعي، إذا ما أحسنت التواصل، واعتمدت على الأرقام والمقارنة العقلانية، بدل التمسك بسياسات دعم "فارغة وغير فعالة".

انقر هنا لقراءة الخبر من مصدره.